Cermaq (Mainstream Canada) in Clayoquot Sound

Norwegian multinational Cermaq began its salmon farming operations in Clayoquot Sound in 2000 -- the same year that Clayoquot Sound was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve - when it purchased existing farms from Pacific National Group, Prime Pacific Seafarms and Pacific Aqua Seafarms.

Cermaq has 14 open net-cage salmon farm sites in the Pacific Ocean waters of Clayoquot Sound, of which 8 to 10 are operational at any one time. It farms non-native Atlantic salmon. (The other fish farming company in Clayoquot, Creative Salmon, farms Pacific chinook salmon and has 6 farm sites.)

Cermaq has salmon farms in Norway, Chile, Scotland and British Columbia, Canada. It is one of the largest salmon farming companies in the world, with global production of 115,000 tonnes in 2006. It farms predominantly Atlantic salmon, as well as trout (in Scotland and Chile) and Pacific coho salmon (in Chile). Cermaq operates in British Columbia under the trade names Mainstream Canada (formerly Pacific National Aquaculture) and EWOS Canada.

Salmon farms in Rockfish Conservation Areas Rockfish

 

In 2007, eight Cermaq salmon farm sites were renewed for 20 years, even though they lie within or on the boundaries of newly designated Rockfish Conservation Areas in Clayoquot Sound. These areas were established along the BC coast to protect rockfish species, which are in decline. Open net-cage salmon farms pollute the ocean and smother the ocean bottom with antibiotics, chemicals, untreated sewage (fish feces) and uneaten fish feed. They also harbour diseases and parasites and attract predators. A 2006 study found elevated levels of toxic mercury in rockfish living near salmon farms. Salmon farms and Rockfish Conservation Areas should not mix!

 

Mainstream's Saranac Farm

Outbreaks of infectious fish diseases, escapes of non-native Atlantic salmon, regulatory violations and other incidents are part of Cermaq’s record in the Clayoquot Sound Biosphere Reserve:

 

  • On March 25, 2009, a humpback whale swam into the predator net at Cermaq's Mussel Rock farm through a gap in the net as it was being installed. The humpback (a threatened species) was able to escape unharmed but could have become entangled in the net and drowned.
     
  • In September 2007, a net cage containing about 25,000 Atlantic salmon was ripped during harvesting at Cermaq’s Saranac Island farm. The 2007 British Columbia Marine Finfish Aquaculture Compliance report states that 19,168 Atlantic salmon escaped into Clayoquot Sound. As of October 2008, conservation officers and personnel from Ministry of Agriculture and Lands are still investigating the escape.
     
  • As of March 2003, Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus had swept through at least five of Cermaq's salmon farms within Clayoquot Sound. Cermaq only started re-stocking its salmon sites in Clayoquot Sound again in early 2004, after more than a year of inactivity because of disease problems.
     
  • In January 2003, Cermaq pleaded guilty in Provincial Court to 11 charges of violating the BC Fisheries Act, including massive overstocking of fish at several farms in Clayoquot Sound.
     
  •  In 2002 and 2003, the BC government issued 100 non-compliance notices to Cermaq in Clayoquot Sound, including for failure to report escapes, mass mortalities, overstocking, failure to keep drug records, poor maintenance of predator nets and waste discharge.
     
  • In March 2002, an outbreak of Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHN) virus -- the first time it had been detected on a salmon farm on the West coast of Vancouver Island -- was confirmed at Cermaq's Mussel Rock farm.

  •  In January 2002, about 8,000 Atlantic salmon escaped from Cermaq’s Saranac Island farm.
     
  • In September 2001, a mass fish mortality and escape occurred at Cermaq’s Bedwell Sound farm. Two hundred tonnes of dead Atlantic salmon (some 80,000 fish) were found floating in a yellow sludge in the affected net-cages.
     

    Cermaq’s/Mainstream Canada’s 14 salmon farm sites in Clayoquot Sound are:

    • Fortune Channel
    • In Bedwell Sound: Bare Bluff, McIntyre Lake, West Side Bedwell, East Bedwell, Rant Point
    • In Cypress Bay area: Mussel Rock, Cormorant, Saranac Island
    • In Herbert Inlet: Binns Island, Bawden Point
    • McKay Island/Ross Passage
    • Millar Channel
    • Dixon Point/Bay
Click here to see a map of salmon farm sites in Clayoquot Sound.

Click here to see a map of salmon farm sites in BC (Large File - 1.6 MB).

 

 

 

Contact us!

Friends of Clayoquot Sound
PO Box 489, 331 Neill St., Tofino BC V0R 2Z0
Tel: 250-725-4218 Fax: 250-725-2527
Email: info@focs.ca

Backgrounders

The Salmon Forests of Clayoquot Sound

The Killing of Sea Mammals

Slice (Chemical Pesticide) Summary

Slice (Chemical Pesticide) Report

Declining Salmon Populations - article in Science

Ecology-based Solutions

Brochure: Impacts of salmon farming to traditional FN food sources

In the Media: Articles & Publications

Corporate Overview

Cermaq/ Mainstream

Creative Salmon

Reports

Summary report of Global Assessment of Closed System Aquaculture ( 300 KB PDF - small)

Global Assessment of Closed System Aquaculture (6 MB PDF - large)

Maps

BC Salmon Farm Tenures

Clayoquot Sound Salmon Farm Tenures

Headlines

33,000 Atlantics Escape from Grieg Cages in Nootka